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In this article, find advice on how to get a job as an investment professional, with particular consideration for strategy consulting applicants.
The private equity series is a collection of articles written by Quentin, who moved from consulting to private equity through movemeon. We distribute our new content (like this article) on Linkedin. Follow us and never miss out on insight, advice and events. Or you can register to gain access to our weekly newsletter.You can find the others articles of the series here:
Throughout this series, I have had the opportunity to cover the private equity industry from a number of angles. I have not however discussed how to get a job as an "investment professional", with particular consideration for applicants coming from a strategy consulting background - whose popularity in PE funds is growing. Here are a few personal principles that I hope you will find useful in your search.
When you applied at McKinsey, BCG, Bain or any of the major strategy consulting firms, you did not have to worry about the availability of vacant positions. Given the size of these firms, you knew that there would be a role for you if you met the selection criteria, no matter when in the year you would send your application. Private equity is a niche industry in comparison. Only a handful of firms employ more than 50 investment professionals in London and the vast majority involve 10 professionals or less. So the first lesson to learn is patience. Looking for a job in private equity also teaches you humility: the competition is intense and thus your "success rate" will probably appear to you as desperately low - although at the end of the day you only need to convert one great opportunity.
As mentioned above private equity firms are very lean and focus their energy and money on investing. Developing HR capabilities or a fully-fledged recruitment team does not represent a priority for them. As a consequence, openings will never be advertised on publicly-available job boards (or that is a worrying sign) but will instead spread through a limited number of headhunting firms (such as this one) and/or through word of mouth. Last but not least, private equity firms may hire a strong candidate even if they are not actively hiring. Given the financial leverage (i.e. the amount of money you will have an impact on as a professional) a high performer will "always pay for himself". The conclusion is clear: you need to be proactive and not be afraid to reach out to your network and firms directly.
As a corollary of the previous point, private equity firms pay a lot of attention on the "personal and cultural fit" when they recruit an addition to their team. In tight-knit environments, a bad hiring decision can prove costly, not only financially but also in terms of team morale. Consequently, you can greatly enhance your chances by connecting with the fund through a mutual connection that will be able to affix his/her "stamp of approval" on your work ethics instead of sending an unsolicited email, no matter how tailored it could be. Thanks to LinkedIn it has never been easier to get an overview of your connectivity with any corporation on the planet. Make an extensive use of that tool!
A typical interview process at junior level will involve one LBO modelling test, one investment case study (often derived from the modelling exercise) and a series of "traditional" interviews. Even if you were part of the private equity "taskforce" and spent two years performing due diligences as a strategy consultant, LBO modelling and investment case analysis are two concepts you have never tackled in your career, so you need to prepare for the first hurdle. A number of books will do the job perfectly, for instance, Rosenbaum's Investment Banking: Valuation, Leveraged Buyouts, and Mergers and Acquisitions.
Although you will always apply for an "Investment Associate/Executive" role, you will never face two similar situations. This is another difference with consulting where the operating model has been largely standardised; in PE, this is still "work in progress". And yet, to optimise your chances of success you need to ensure that your pitch resonates with the firm's strategy, values, culture etc. You should avoid saying "I am specialised in healthcare and financial services" if your target fund only invests in heavy industrial turnarounds, or "I like to spend time working with management on cost base improvement programmes" if it only takes minority (i.e; non-controlling) positions in high-growth businesses. As a consequence your pre-interview due diligence is crucial. You can use the questions for interviewers I have already listed in this blog as a guideline. You should complement this systematic view with a more qualitative approach and interview outsiders (e.g. former employees, investors, consultants) to better understand the firm's "investment philosophy".
An increasing number of firms have diversified their recruiting pool and have moved away from hiring solely former investment bankers. Simplistically, investment bankers bring "plug & play" valuation and modelling skills while strategy consultants usually have a better understanding of the underlying business models and can support management teams in the post-acquisition work. Private equity has become more and more competitive and achieving decent returns now requires more than pure financial engineering, hence the need for more ""hands-on" profiles. A vast majority of PE recruiters will be aware of that distinction and will know what they get and what they do not when they hire a consultant rather than an investment banker. Nonetheless others may be at the beginning of that journey still (you will answer this question during your due diligence by assessing the share of former strategy consultants in the investment team) and you may need to stress the aforementioned strengths and show that you are ready to make "the extra mile" to bring your modelling skills up to M&A standards (despite all your training, you will really learn about modelling once you work on a deal).
Interviews may include questions such as "In which industry/country would you invest $10m/$100m/$1bn? Why?" or "What do you think of company X?", where company X is (most often) a large multinational. Following the news may be tough given your tight strategy consultant diary, but I can promise you it is a worthwhile investment, now and in the future. A quick read through selected RSS feeds from the Financial Times complemented with carefully chosen blogs (why not try mine for instance?) may help you back your answer and avoid damaging answers.
If you work for a major consultancy, there is a high chance that your target PE firm has already worked or will work in the short to medium term with someone from your firm. Beyond the formal "reference check" process, your prospective employer may informally (and tactfully, hopefully!) ask one of your Partners about you if he happens to be working together on a project while you are applying.
Private equity is a long-term game. You will only make it rewarding if you follow the life of a fund end-to-end. Intellectually, you will have followed a number of investments from origination to exit. Financially, carried interest can represent a significant boost to your compensation and is often heavily discounted if you leave before the liquidation of the fund. Unless the role is explicitly designed for a short-term experience (e.g. Associate programmes in some US funds), the "I am here to get an experience for 2-3 years and move on" card you could play in consulting will get you a red card in PE.
Why join a startup? Remember, Facebook and Google were startups too. Here are 4 points to consider when looking for your next role...
Why join a startup? Here are 4 points to consider when looking for your next role:
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Start-ups are a great way to meet new people and to expand your network. Many existing companies have an established core of clients and vendors, but start-ups are always seeking new customers, vendors and strategic partners.
There is never a dull moment. You will continually meet new people and build great friendships and business contacts that will last you throughout your career, and the likelihood of one of those new business contacts becoming the catalyst that leads you to your next job is high.
Looking closer to home, since most start-ups are small, there is the chance to get to know your co-workers very personally and create a bond with everyone on the team. Working at a start-up is like being part of a close-knit family where you are encouraged to be yourself in order to realise your full potential. Positive company culture is at the heart of start-up companies.
Being smaller and more personal leads to attachment, passion and vested interest. The exhilaration of being part of a successful start-up produces pride and a sense of accomplishment that is extraordinary.
The entrepreneurial nature of a startup undoubtedly creates a lot of passion which means you will be working with colleagues every day that have the same positive energy and excitement as you do. Everybody is focused on the same goal, to take the company forward and upward, because wherever that company goes, it will take you and your team with it.
However, perhaps one of the best reasons to join a start-up company is to learn. If you are unfamiliar with the industry, but you like what the founders are doing then don’t hold back.
A start-up offers a hands-on, multi-functional experience where you can take on great responsibility from the word go and working in close proximity with the founders. It’s an amazing opportunity to soak up their knowledge and experience. Furthermore, you can expect to get a lot of exposure to the intricacies of the entire business operation from the start. Such involvement is especially useful if you want to start your own company one day.
Lastly, as start-ups grow, you can grow with them. And that can be reflected in your earnings too. Not only might salary increase with the size of the company and your responsibility within it, but you might also become entitled to options too – the value of which can grow as the company succeeds. Remember it’s not long ago that Facebook and Google were ‘start-ups’ too.
Leaving consulting? Industry roles can mean short-term pay cuts but offer long-term growth potential.
Leaving consulting opens up a variety of career paths, but how do salaries compare? Whether you're transitioning into industry, private equity, or start-ups, understanding the financial implications is crucial. In this guide, we explore post-consulting salary opportunities, highlighting the earning potential of different career moves.
Looking for expert coaching to support your career transition? Visit OnUpBeyond for tailored career advice and coaching resources.
For a broader look at the most common career paths after consulting, check out our detailed guide on popular post-consulting careers.
Many consultants move into corporate roles in strategy, operations, or finance. However, salary adjustments can vary significantly based on level and sector:
Curious about how professionals feel about their earnings? Explore our Global Pay Satisfaction Index to see how different industries compare in terms of salary satisfaction.
For more experienced consultants moving into industry roles, compensation structures often become more attractive:
Start-ups can be exciting, but they usually come with lower base salaries than consulting roles:
For guidance on making strategic career moves post-consulting, check out our article on navigating career progression with purpose.
Private equity (PE) is a lucrative exit path for consultants, particularly those with deal experience in M&A or financial modelling.
Considering a PE move? Make sure you're well-prepared by reviewing 29 key questions to ask before accepting a private equity offer.
1. Salary vs. Total Compensation
2. Career Progression & Stability
3. Lifestyle & Work Demands
Transitioning out of consulting is a significant career decision, and salary considerations play a crucial role. While industry roles may provide more stability and long-term incentives, private equity and start-ups offer high-risk, high-reward potential. Before making a move, weigh your salary expectations, career aspirations, and personal priorities to make an informed decision.
Looking for expert coaching to support your career transition? Visit On Up Beyond for tailored career advice and coaching resources.
Want insights into consulting career transitions and salary trends? Explore more on Movemeon.
Making progress in your career takes a lot of work. Here you can find the most useful advice on moving forward from movemeon's first strategy event.
Many people use consulting to develop the foundational skills needed to progress into senior roles outside of consulting. The most sought after end destination is the ultimate owner on the Exec team - i.e, CEO / COO / MD etc.This event brought together CEOs who had either started their careers or spent a spell of their career in consulting. Here movemeon brings you the best advice from the wisdom they shared on post-consulting career paths. We've split their guidance into the themes we pulled out of the general conversation.
If you're interested in senior leadership roles or the stepping stone roles on the path to senior leadership, we can help. Joining the movemeon community (it's free) gives you daily access to opportunities it's impossible to discover elsewhere.
Overlooking crucial questions when job hunting can lead to disappointment in the future and Private Equity firms are no exception.
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Given the intense competition, receiving an offer to join a private equity firm is quite a significant achievement, and the temptation to accept the offer as soon as you receive it without having done any proper due diligence is thus huge. Overlooking this crucial step of the job-hunting process can lead to serious disappointment in the future and the fast-moving private equity industry is no exception in that respect.
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Movemeon data shows that consultants are looking for real change when leaving consulting. Read on to see which industries, functions & locations they choose.
Which industries, functions and/or locations do consultants hope to move to after consulting? We analysed the close to 20,000 applications made for permanent jobs on movemeon to answer these questions.
What prompted me to start thinking about this analysis was another one of our older pieces, summarising a survey of consultants' dream jobs: as early as 2015, we asked you to rank your top exit destinations. Back then, your dream industry was Private Equity, followed closely by Start-up. A lot has happened since that poll. Movemeon has grown, attracting more great employers and more amazing candidates. This means that more jobs have been posted and more applications have been made, giving us an excellent opportunity to check whether 2015's preferences are reflected in 2016's behaviour.
Let's look at flows and market trends first of all.Private Equity (combined with Venture Capital in our data) is in third place, making up 10.89% of 2016's applications for permanent jobs. Start-up is the outright winner when it comes to supply and demand, with growth stage start-ups receiving 24.59% of applications, and even early-stage start-ups managing to make it to 4th place, suggesting that even the youngest members of the industry can be attractive to consultants. But the real surprise performance comes from the second-place holder: Boutique consultancy. 13.15% of all permanent applications in 2016 were for boutique consulting positions. Consultants on movemeon might have been ready to change jobs, but not all were ready to leave consulting altogether.
But what about the original question - does 2016's behaviour reflect 2015's preferences? We can get to the answer to this question by using the proxy of number of applications/individual role in given industry.So, has Private Equity fallen from the dream exit industry it was in 2015 to the mere third-place holder it is in terms of market flows? The answer to the last question is a categorical no. The marker of applications/role reveals PE & VC to be a far more popular industry than suggested simply by application flows - it is, in fact, the single most popular one. Media & telecoms, in second place, saw only 57% of PE & VC's application rate, while for Start-up, the industry that came first for market flows, that number is 38%. PE & VC is the unquestionable winner of 'most popular industry in 2016'.Did the consultants of 2016 go to the industries shown in the 2015 poll? Mostly, they did. Private Equity and Start-up were still popular choices, as were Media & telecoms and Ecommerce. The new-comer was Hospitality, leisure & travel, rising to third place nearly out of nowhere, with 43% of PE & VC's application rate.
Having considered industries, the obvious next step is to look at functions - let's start with market trends again.There were no real surprises here. Movemeon's consulting community is dominated by strategy consultants, and over 50% of all 2016 applications for permanent jobs were for Strategy. Operations and General management followed Strategy at quite a significant drop, receiving 10.29% and 9.33% of all applications respectively. Corporate & business development and Programme, project & change management also made it to the top 5, while the top 10 also included Marketing and the lesser-known Right-hand to CEO/chief of staff.We have recently started a series of events on moving to and working in strategy, so it was good to see that these events support a real trend in our community. If you missed the last event, you can find a summary of all the advice given by the CEOs of PizzaHut and Charles Taylor here
As we saw earlier, market flows and trends, although interesting in their own right, don't necessarily tell us about popularity. So, let's see if, as before, the proxy of applications/role tells a different story about our community's preferences. (Spoiler alert: it does.)For a start, Strategy is no longer in first place. It is, instead, 5th, with only 18% of the first-place holder's application rate. So which function managed to out-do Strategy so impressively? Analytics & big data. Even Right-hand to the CEO/chief off staff, in second place, only managed 34% of Analytics & big data's application rate, making it clear that there is a strong preference in our community for the latter. In third place, Product management (instead of General management, in third place for market trends) saw just 20% of Analytics & big data's applications/role, again confirming the latter as 2016's most popular function.So what does this analysis of functions tell us? That most consultants are looking for a real change of career when they come to movemeon. They want hands-on roles with real impact, and they want to move away from the broadness of Strategy.
The last thing to look at in this analysis is where in the world consultants go. As you'll have come to expect by now, we'll start with market flows and trends again.In 2016, about 62% of applications for permanent roles were for jobs based in the United Kingdom, making it the winner of application flows. Nearly three-quarters of these applications came from consultants already based in the UK. The remaining quarter was submitted by candidates living as far as New Delhi and as close as Paris, with most living in Europe. Also among the top 5 locations by application number were the US Northeast and France. The former was in second place at 6.72%, the latter in third place at 6.44%.
The relative orders of the US Northeast and France in the chart above are interesting because they do not reflect the number of roles available in these regions (there France is ahead of the US Northeast). So let's have a look at applications/role for locations. Was the US Northeast more popular than France by this marker too?Yes, it was. In 2016, the US Northeast's application rate was two percentage points higher than that of France. But neither actually made it the top 5 for popularity. So, which locations were most popular? The United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, Singapore, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although it saw over 62% of all applications, the UK's application rate was only 33% of that of the UAE, which was only enough to make the UK the 5th most popular location. The UAE was only 5th by application flows because there were fewer roles, and so fewer applications, there. But applications/role show a striking pattern: although there are fewer opportunities in the UEA, the ones that are available are extremely popular. Consultants from all over the world wanted to move to jobs based there, as well as in Switzerland, Singapore and the Netherlands.It appears that there is an interesting group of people in our community who are quite keen to relocate to a different country - and an equally interesting group who want to leave the UK. We hope these consultants like what they find in their new locations - and that they let us know! (Email us if you ever want to tell us about your experiences of relocating to a different country!)
Consulting is a tough job. Wrestle back control of your life by maximising productivity, and leave if nothing else works. Click here for insider tips.
However, what always amazed me was how little correlation there was between hours worked and value-added to the client. In fact, upon reflection, the largest correlation was with how secure (read near promotion) the various levels of leadership were. It became my only staffing rule: never join a team where the client lead is on the verge of designation to Partner! If leaving your job is ever in contemplation, read this article to find out the pros and cons financially.
Without a doubt, the most important facet in controlling your lifestyle is agreeing on team norms. Let the team know what's important to you. This will, of course, vary a lot by team member: some will have children, others will have just left university and want to continue sport, etc. What's critical is that everyone agrees on a working pattern, and has some non-negotiable time-off. I've seen these things work really well with new parents who went home early and took 5-7pm off, before coming online later. It worked equally well with people taking an evening in the week where they always stopped at a certain time (e.g., to go to training). Agree your norms up-front, and make them non-negotiable.
In the words of Rudyard Kipling, "If you can keep your head when all about you / Are losing theirs and blaming it on you- you'll be a Man, my son".Does the client really need an appendix of 250 pages, or would it be better to sit with them for 2 hours and talk them through the analysis, so they can access it themselves? Do you need 50-page decks to go through every time you meet with the senior client, or would they prefer to have a more open discussion earlier in the project?This really is within your gift. The leadership don't want "yes" people, they want someone to tell them what's going to add the most value. Don't forget, you're in a privileged position of being far closer to the client than the leadership team - you're in there day in, day out.
As much as I'd like to blame others around me for the long hours, some responsibility definitely lies with me. There are lots of resources on being more productive, but the best advice I received was very simple: do the tasks you really don't want to do first. Simple, yet effective!
My other golden rule was to never work a weekend.I was reluctant to put this in there, as it should be a given. However, looking at how many of my colleagues worked some part of the weekend, very regularly, I felt I couldn't leave it out. If you're struggling to keep the weekend free, try to block out the final 2 hours of Friday to come up with a to-do list for the next week.
Psychologists have found that the happiest people are those that take the most holidays. The great thing about consulting is this really isn't hard: between projects, no-one cares if you're taking holidays. To be honest, it's all the better for them as your utilisation isn't going down. So don't leave holiday allowance begging- take a break. Have a read of one of our more in-depth articles about Holidays here.
Finally, if work really is getting in the way of life - it might be time toleave. You wouldn't be alone; one of the most common reasons we hear people want to leave is to improve their lifestyle. Read this article to find out what industries and functions are most popular amongst consultants.
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